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NanoParticle Ontology (NPO) \[7\] is an ontology that is designed and developed within the framework of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) \[8\] and implemented in the ontology web language (OWL) \[9\]. It is being developed to represent the knowledge underlying the description, preparation, and characterization of nanomaterials. NPO development began with the representation of knowledge underlying the chemical composition, preparation, physiochemical, and functional/biological characterization of nanoparticles that are formulated and tested for applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The NPO provided the knowledge framework for developing the nano-TAB material file format. The NPO provides a subset of the terms and relationships for the description and characterization of nanomaterials in the nano-TAB file format.  The NPO is being further developed for the following purposes: (1) to provide terms for annotating nanotechnology research data; (2) to provide the knowledge framework required for developing data-sharing models and standards in nanomedicine; (3) to enable semantic integration of data; (4) to enable unambiguous interpretation of the description and characterization of nanomaterials; and (5) to enable knowledge-based searching  and comparison of nanomaterial descriptions and characterization results.[\_msoanchor_1|#_msoanchor_1]

2.2 Requisite Adjustments to ISA-TAB Practice to be Found in Nano-TAB

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When sharing primary nano-TAB files, other files referenced in these files have to be shared along with the primary files.  It is anticipated that content management systems will become available to facilitate the sharing and exchange of files.  Until then, these files could be bundled together in a folder and shared as a zip file.     Image Added

3.2 Nano-TAB File Development Process

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Once the nano-TAB files have been created, the files can be validated and submitted into nanotechnology resources that support the nano-TAB specification.  It is anticipated that validation of the files may occur via a validation service that leverages a modified version of the ISA-TAB validator \[10\][#_ftn1].  It is also anticipated that nanotechnology resources like caNanoLab, the Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions (NBI) knowledgebase ([http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/]), and other resources will provide facilities for importing/exporting nano-TAB files as the nano-TAB specification evolves.