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- Publicly hosted biomedical imaging archives which are populated with actual data which researchers, teachers, industry, etc may wish to utilize
- Image archive software solutions which one could download and use to host their own DICOM image data sets
Publicly Hosted Biomedical Imaging Archives
The following table is a list of publicly accessible DICOM based biomedical image archives. Following the table is an analysis of what was found upon reviewing each archive between August and October of 2010. Information is subsequently updated. See the wiki page history for a full log of the changes. Please notify Please contact Justin Kirby (kirbyju@mail.nih.gov or ) or John Freymann (freymanj@mail.nih.gov to report errors) with any questions, error reports, updates, additions, etc.
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Supporting Institution(s) | Cancer Imaging Program | Cancer Imaging Program, caBIG | NIAMS, caBIG | WUSTL, BIRN | Lab of NeuroImaging UCLA (LONI) | BIRN | BIRN | Lung Cancer Alliance, Kitware | Optical Society of America, Kitware | NIH, NDAR | Kitware | NIH |
Content Type | In Vivo Cancer Imaging (see full Collection list) | In Vivo Cancer Imaging (see full collection list) | Osteoarthritis | Biomedical images and meta data | ADNI (Alzheimers), | Brain scans | ELUDE (Elderly Depression), | Patient-contributed Medical scans | Optical | Normal brain development | Biomedical images and meta data | Autism - standard phenotypic data, imaging and genomic/pedigree data related to human subjects |
Archive Software | NBIA, AIM Data Service (XML image metadata), and XNAT (coming soon) | Image Data Archive | custom | custom |
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Login account required | Yes. Accounts are free and available to anyone. | For advanced site features or limited access data sets, but is not required for accessing public data | Yes | For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data | Yes, via email address. Used only for providing links for downloading data. |
| For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data | No | For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data | Yes | For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data |
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Explicit data sharing policy | Yes, with options for uploading fully open or limited access data sets | Yes, with options for uploading fully open or limited access data sets | Yes, found here | No |
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Number of Registered Users (or NA) | 1,341 |
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Accepting new data | Yes (learn more) | Yes, with approval from NCI CBIIT |
| Yes, users can register accounts and upload data |
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| Yes, through Lung Cancer Alliance | Yes, through the Optical Society of America |
| Yes, users can register accounts and upload data |
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Central curation/review | Yes, a trained staff visually inspects every image before making them visible | Yes, performed by CBIIT staff |
| No |
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| Yes, performed by Lung Cancer Alliance | Yes, performed by the Optical Society of America |
| Yes, performed by Kitware staff and peer reviews |
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Availability/Uptime | ~99%, hosted on a redundant production system at WUSTL | ~99%, hosted on a redundant production system at NCI CBIIT |
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| ~99%, hosted on a production server at Kitware | ~99.9%, hosted on a production server at OSA |
| ~99%, hosted on a production server at Kitware |
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Project- or Collection- based groupings? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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| Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Yes |
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Size of Current Volume | 7.3TB | ~2TB | ~7.5TB |
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| ~2GB | ~50GB |
| ~60GB |
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Number of patients/subjects with imaging | ~30,000 |
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| 200 |
number of DICOM Tags query-able | ~90 via NBIA | ~90 | ~90 |
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Data submission/download methods | Submission via DICOM or HTTPS protocols using CTP. Download via Java Webstart client | Submission via DICOM or HTTPS protocols using CTP. Download via Web (zip), FTP, Java Webstart client | Submission via DICOM or HTTPS protocols. Download via Web (zip), FTP, Java Webstart client | Submission via Web UI or DICOM protocol. Download via Web (zip) or Java applet. |
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| Submission via Web UI, | Submission via Web UI, |
| Submission via Web UI, DICOM push, MIDASDesktop, WebDAV. |
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Helpdesk Support | Yes, the TCIA Helpesk supports both end users and submitters |
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Affiliation with Journal | No | No | No | No |
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| Yes |
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Intended Audience(s) | Cancer researchers, engineers and developers, professors |
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following people for volunteering their time and effort in helping us populate this survey.
- Dan Marcus (WUSTL)
- Brian Hughes (Terpsys)
- Dan Hall (NIH)
- Patrick Reynolds (Kitware)
- Julien Jomier (Kitware)
- Ivo Dinov (UCLA)
- Matthew McAuliffe (NIH)
- David Keator (UCI)
- Christian Haselgrove (NITRC)
Publicly Hosted Biomedical Imaging Archives
The following table attempts to summarize publicly accessible biomedical image archives. This survey originally initiated in August of 2010. Information in the tables are being updated periodically.
NOTE: Due to the large size of this table you may need to use the horizontal scroll bar at the bottom of the table to view some of the archives listed furthest to the right.
| The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA)
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| Optical Society of America (OSA)
| Insight Journal (MIDAS)
| Pediatric MRI Data Repository | FITBIR | NITRC-IR
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Supporting Institution(s) | NCI Cancer Imaging Program | NCI Center for Bioinformatics and Information Technology | NIAMS, NCI Center for Bioinformatics and Information Technology | WUSTL, BIRN | Lab of NeuroImaging UCLA (LONI) | FBIRN Institutions | Lung Cancer Alliance, Kitware | Optical Society of America, Kitware | Kitware, Insight Software Consortium | NIH, NIMH, NINDS, NICHD, NIEHS | NIH, NIMH, NICHD, NIDA, NINDS | NINDS, DoD | NIH Blueprint, NIBIB, NINDS, NIMH, NIDA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content Type | In Vivo Cancer Imaging, phantom imaging and related metada (see full Collection list) | Demo instance for showing the latest features of NBIA. All data are re-used from The Cancer Imaging Archive. | Osteoarthritis | Biomedical images, meta data, other phenotypic data (behavioral, clinical, etc) | ADNI (Alzheimers), | FMRI/MRI images, behavioral data, and clinical data from schizophrenics and healthy volunteers. Willing to accept data on other neurological disorders.
| Patient-contributed Lung Cancer Medical scans | Optical, digital holography, 2D/3D modalities, etc | Biomedical images, meta data, and journal articles | Autism - standard phenotypic data, imaging and genomic/pedigree data related to human subjects | Normal brain development
| TBI related data: imaging, phenotypic and some genomics; human but expanding to preclinical models | Neuroimages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Archive Software | NBIA, AIM Data Service (XML image metadata), and a Clinical Data relational database | Image Data Archive | Human Imaging Database (HID) | custom | Same as NDAR (custom) | Biomedical Research Informatics Computing System (BRICS) NIH developed – custom | XNAT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Login account required | No. Public data is accessible without logging in. Some special restricted-access data sets do require free registration. Register on the TCIA website. | For advanced site features or limited access data sets, but is not required for accessing public data. Click here to register. | For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data | Yes, via web https://ida.loni.ucla.edu/login.jsp
| No (email requested) | No | For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data | Only for submitting data. | Yes | Yes | Yes | For accessing limited access data sets, but not for public data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Explicit data sharing policy |
| Yes, with options for uploading fully open or limited access data sets | Yes, found here | No, data is made public or restricted as specified by the user who uploads it. | Yes. IDA User Manual.
| All data is made publicly accessible. | All data is made publicly accessible. | Yes, found here
| All data is made publicly accessible (varying licenses) | Yes, found here | Similar to NDAR but there is no explicit policy | Yes, https://fitbir.nih.gov/jsp/about/policy.jsp | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Registered Users (or NA) | 6,117 | 2,712 | 46 | ~1,000 | >1,000 | N/A | N/A |
| 2,657 | 60 for data access | ~30 | 15 – just starting | 1976 users as of April, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accepting new data | Yes, proposals are accepted via email and reviewed monthly by the TCIA Advisory Committee. Acceptance criteria is summarized here: Requesting Permission to Upload your Data
| No | More data is being added as part of the official initiative, but external proposals are not being accepted. | Yes, users can register accounts and upload data | Yes, see section 9 in the Appendix of the LONI Policies & Procedures
| Yes, https://www.birncommunity.org/about/contact/
| Yes, through Lung Cancer Alliance. Learn more here
| Yes, new data may be added as part of future Optical Society of America publications are released. | Yes, users can register accounts and upload data. | Yes, learn more here
| No | Yes, FITBIR has established a two-tiered submission strategy to ensure high quality and to provide maximum benefit to investigators. See the Data Submission Procedures for more information. | Yes. Community-generated data sets may be suggested for inclusion. Contact moderator@nitrc.org. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central curation/review | Yes, a multiple tiered de-identification and QC process is utilized involving both human review and systematic analysis. The process is summarized in detail on the TCIA De-Identification Knowledge Base and What to Expect as an Image Provider
| No | Yes, performed by NIAMS staff. | No | Collaborators strip all personal info from data prior to submission to LONI. Then LONI auto filters again, to ensure that there are no PHI in the files (especially if the data is binary) and stores the data in quarantine, until it’s approved for posting to the web interface. | PHI must be removed by the submitting institution prior to giving the data to the FBIRN. FBIRN also performs a review to make sure there aren't any de-identification problems. | Yes, performed by Lung Cancer Alliance | Yes, performed by the Optical Society of America | Yes, some QC performed by Kitware staff and peer reviews. Most data is de-identified by the submitter prior to upload. | Sites do their own de-identification any way they prefer, so long as it meets their IRB's approval. Pre-validation is performed to ensure all data conforms/harmonizes to the autism data dictionary. QA is also performed by NDAR staff to check for identifiable information. | Archived project, no longer receiving new data. | Yes, pre-validation is performed to ensure all data conforms to the NINDS CDEs. QA is also performed by staff to check for personal identifiable information. | Yes, performed by NITRC. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Availability/Uptime | ~99%, hosted on a redundant production system at WUSTL | ~99%, hosted on a redundant production system at NCI CBIIT | ~99%, hosted on a redundant production system at NCI CBIIT | ~99% | Continuous (no exact % specified) | Continuous (no exact % specified) | ~99.9%, hosted on a production server at Kitware | ~99.9%, hosted on a production server at OSA | ~99%, hosted on a production server at Kitware | ~99%, imaging data hosted on Amazon and metadata hosted by NIH. | ~99%, hosted by NIH. | ~99%, hosted by NIH. | ~99.9%, hosted on production servers at UCSD. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Project- or Collection- based groupings? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Size of Current Volume |
NLST-LSS: 6.5 TB NLST-ACRIN: 4.8 TB
Total: 13.56 TB | ~21GB | ~7.5TB | 1 TB | 0.7 PB | ~2TB | 33GB | ~50GB | ~60GB | ~2TB | ~2TB | 0.5TB | 1.5 TB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of patients/subjects with imaging |
NLST-LSS: 17,043 NLST-ACRIN: 9,211
Total: 32,251 | 32 | 4,796 | 3,494 | > 120,000 | ~300 | 37 | N/A | > 200, plus some non-patient data | 2500 NDAR
| 550 (migrated into NDAR) | 200 | 6854 subjects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of DICOM Tags query-able | 2 via the Simple Search, ~90 via the Advanced Search, and all DICOM metadata can be queried using the Text Search option. | 2 via the Simple Search, ~90 via the Advanced Search, and all DICOM metadata can be queried using the Text Search option. | ~90 | ~50 | 50 | 0 | 22 (imaging parameters in query interface) | N/A | 22 (imaging parameters in query interface) | 9, with full listing from data dictionary. (4 NDAR, 5 Pediatric MRI) | 9, with full listing from data dictionary. (4 NDAR, 5 Pediatric MRI) | 10 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metadata Availability | Wide variety of clinical, genetic, and image segmentation/annotation available is available for various data sets. Full summary can be viewed here
| None | None | Various clinical and other metadata | Biospecimen, clinical, pathological, neuropsychiatric, and demographic. | Yes, extensive behavioral data and clinical data. | Some unstructured clinical data such as patient age, cancer stage, recurrence, and treatment information. | Associated articles, figures, publication-specific metadata, etc | Unstructured clinical data as well as publication-specific metadata | NDAR contains all human subjects data related to autism research funded by the NIH and others. Outside of the NDAR data dictionary, Metadata supporting project definition and research results are provided (see data from papers).
| Yes, all metadata is collected using NINDS CDEs | Gender, age, handedness, diagnosis, and MR acquisition parameters. Various cognitive assessments and other rich metadata available for some data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data submission/download methods | Submission via DICOM or HTTPS protocols using CTP
| Submission via DICOM or HTTPS protocols using CTP
| Submission via DICOM or HTTPS protocols using CTP
| Submission via Web UI or DICOM protocol. Download via Web (zip) or Java applet. | Secure web upload | Downloads via Web UI, Submissions via https://www.birncommunity.org/about/contact/
| Submission via Web UI, | Submission via Web UI, | Submission via Web UI, DICOM push, MIDASDesktop.
| A custom Java Webstart application allows SFTP/Amazon S3 transfers. MIPAV is offered as an optional method for de-identification. Submission is harmonized to the autism data standard using custom data validation software. Download methods include multithreaded download from the Amazon Cloud or push to cloud computational pipeline. | Not applicable. | They can use MIPAV for submitting images. Submissions must conform to FITBIR Data Dictionary (NINDS CDEs). A custom Java Webstart application allows SFTP transfers. | Upload by arrangement. Download via Web (zip), Java applet, or REST API. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helpdesk Support | Yes, the TCIA Helpdesk
| Via XNAT discussion group | Yes, via https://www.birncommunity.org/about/contact/
| Technical issues can be sent to midas@public.kitware.com or click here for Administrative support and other questions
| Contact infobase@osa.org. | Contact midas@public.kitware.com | Yes, available at ndarhelp@mail.nih.gov. | Yes, pedsmri@mail.nih.gov. | Yes, FITBIR-help@mail.nih.gov | Contact moderator@nitrc.org. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Affiliation with Journal | Not directly, but Digital Object Identifiers can be provided for integration with publications. TCIA is also a recommended repository for Nature's Scientific Data journal. | No | No | No |
| No | No | Yes, Optics Info Base
| Yes, Insight Journal
| No | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intended Audience(s) | Cancer researchers, engineers and developers, professors | Anyone interested in testing the functionality of the NBIA software. | Osteoarthritis researchers | All imaging research | Neuroimaging and genetics research | Neuroimaging research | Lung cancer researchers | Optical Society of America subscribers | All imaging research | Autism researchers (clinical/phenotype/genomic), both those receiving autism related NIH grants and other investigators sponsored by an NIH recognized institution with a current federal-wide assurance. | Neuroscientists interested in normative brain study of child development. | TBI researchers | Neuroimaging research |
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Image archive software solutions
Below is a list of image archive solutions that can be deployed by interested parties wishing to build their own DICOM based biomedical image archive. This list omits some of the archives above in cases where we could not find any information about how one might download and deploy their own instance of the software.
Software Name and Web Site |
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Interface/GUI | Web | Web | Web/Desktop Application | ||||||||||||||||
Query types/flexibility | Simple (9 parameters), Advanced (10 more parameters), Dynamic (boolean query of up to 90 DICOM tags) | Extensible set of DICOM tags as well as linked quantitative biomarkers, linked clinical data, and other non-imaging data. | Customizable, search by any tags registered in the system | ||||||||||||||||
Role Based Security | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Public access option (no login req) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Active Development | Yes, NCI CBIIT | Yes, WUSTL Neuroinformatics Research Group | Yes, Kitware | ||||||||||||||||
License | Open source - NBIA License Agreement Details | Non-restrictive (BSD) open-source license - XNAT License Agreement Details
| non-restrictive (BSD) open-source license | ||||||||||||||||
API available | Yes, REST | Yes, REST | Yes, REST, OAI-PMH | ||||||||||||||||
Supported image formats | DICOM | Automated import of DICOM and ECAT. Custom importers can be implemented for other formats. Any file type can be uploaded through the API and web interface. | DICOM and other ITK-based format | ||||||||||||||||
Supported metadata formats | XML, Zip | XML, CSV. Custom data import logic can be implemented via pluggable Groovy and Python scripts. | XML | ||||||||||||||||
Transfer protocols (import/export) | DICOM, HTTPS | DICOM, HTTPS | DICOM, HTTPS | ||||||||||||||||
Controlled Vocabulary | Follows caBIG standards (caDSR/EVS) | XNAT Schema | NIH Mesh and Dublin Core | ||||||||||||||||
Deployment Support | Yes, CBIIT Application Support or via NBIA User Listserv | XNAT Google Discussion group, monthly developer tcons, biannual user conference. Commercial technical support provided by Radiologics. | Yes, MIDAS mailing list | ||||||||||||||||
Support Operating Systems | Linux, Windows, Mac | Linux, Windows, Mac | Linux, Windows, Mac | ||||||||||||||||
Data submission options | Submission to NBIA is performed by a java tool called CTP
| Direct upload is available through the web UI, direct DICOM transfer, scripts using REST API, optimized CTP workflow | Direct upload via web UI, direct DICOM transfer via push, MIDASDesktop transfer (includes command line tools), WebDAV support. | ||||||||||||||||
Standard of De-Identification | Incorporates DICOM de-identification standards from The Attribute Confidentiality Profile (DICOM PS 3.15: Appendix E) via CTP. | Built-in de-identification language based on DICOM Browser
| No, but pre-storage filters can be run automatically | ||||||||||||||||
Support for multi-site submissions | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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Image archive software solutions
Below is a list of image archive solutions that can be deployed by interested parties wishing to build their own DICOM based biomedical image archive. This list omits some of the archives above in cases where we could not find any information about how one might download and deploy their own instance of the software.
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Interface/GUI | Web | Web | Web/Desktop Application |
Query types/flexibility | Simple (9 parameters), Advanced (10 more parameters), Dynamic (boolean query of up to 90 DICOM tags) | Limited subset of DICOM tags out of the box but is highly configurable for adding the ability to query on just about any kind of meta data you wish to provide | Customizable, search by any tags registered in the system |
Role Based Security | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Public access option (no login req) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Active Development | Yes, NCI CBIIT | Yes, WUSTL Neuroinformatics Research Group | Yes, Kitware |
License | Open source - NBIA License Agreement Details | Non-restrictive (BSD) open-source license - XNAT License Agreement Details | non-restrictive (BSD) open-source license |
Supports Federated Implementation | Yes, can discover other nodes on the caGrid | Not currently, but there are plans to add this functionality eventually | No |
API available | Yes, caGrid | Yes, REST | Yes, REST, OAI-PMH |
Supported image formats | DICOM | Automated import of DICOM and ECAT. Custom importers can be implemented for other formats. Any file type can be uploaded through the API and web interface. | DICOM and other ITK-based format |
Supported metadata formats | XML, Zip | XML | XML |
Transfer protocols (import/export) | DICOM, HTTPS | DICOM, HTTPS | DICOM, HTTPS |
Controlled Vocabulary | Follows caBIG standards (caDSR/EVS) | XNAT Schema | NIH Mesh and Dublin Core |
Deployment Support | Yes, CBIIT Application Support or via NBIA User Listserv | XNAT Google Discussion group, monthly developer tcons, biannual user conference | Yes, MIDAS mailing list |
Support Operating Systems | Linux, Windows, Mac | Linux, Windows, Mac | Linux, Windows, Mac |
Data submission options | Submission to NBIA is performed by a java tool called CTP developed by John Perry at the RSNA. CTP has options to import data from a hard drive or directly from a PACS or DICOM Workstation. | Direct upload is available through the web UI, direct DICOM transfer, scripts using REST API. | Direct upload via web UI, direct DICOM transfer via push, MIDASDesktop transfer (includes command line tools), WebDAV support. |
Standard of De-Identification | Incorporates DICOM de-identification standards from The Attribute Confidentiality Profile (DICOM PS 3.15: Appendix E) via CTP. | Built-in de-identification language based on DICOM Browser can be configured to comply with DICOM PS 3.15: Appendix E and other standards. | No, but pre-storage filters can be run automatically |
Support for multi-site submissions | Yes | Yes | Yes |
NBIA
https://gforge.nci.nih.gov/frs/?group_id=312
Xnat
MIDAS
http://www.kitware.com/products/midas.html
Additional Details
caBIG
NBIA
- Open source, federated model for grid based image sharing.
- Allows for "nodes" to be deployed in other institutions, which can then be connected via the grid so they are query-able from any NBIA server.
- Includes both public data access without login as well as option to build secure role-based Collections which require special access via logging in
- Simple search query options include node selection, modality, contrast enhancement, anatomical site, image slice thickness, Collections (pre-defined sets of related images), the date the images were made available, and whether or not they have associated annotations
- Advanced and Dynamic search options available to search upwards of 70 additional DICOM tag attributes
- Images can be viewed on the web site via JPG thumbnails or using the Cine functionality
- Allows for storage of annotation files and meta data, though there are plans to move most of this functionality to AIM data services in the near future
- Downloads are provided in 3 formats, either via a Java webstart client (no size requirement issues, images are not zipped) or HTTP (zipped, for downloads <3GB in size) or an emailed link to an FTP site (zipped, for downloads >3GB in size)
- Currently 3 major nodes hosted available to the public:
- The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA)
- http://cancerimagingarchive.net
- Funded by the Cancer Imaging Program within the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, this NBIA installation is being hosted by Washington University in St. Louis
- Publicly launched in June, 2011 with 3 purpose-built Collections (see full Collection list)
- Approximately 230GB of image data on over 1,200 patients (in publicly accessible Collections) as of July 2011
- TCIA provides full curation support staff to review all incoming data to ensure proper de-identification by utilizing the newly released DICOM Supplement 142 standard for preventing distribution of PHI or overly aggressive methods which render data useless to researchers
- CIP/CBIIT
- http://imaging.nci.nih.gov
- Contains ~25 purpose built image collections, ~15 of which are publicly accessible to anyone - more info on the contents of each collection can be found at https://wiki.nci.nih.gov/x/lRWy
- Collections range in size from as small as a handful of patients up to larger collections such as LIDC-IDRI (1010 patients) or the colonoscopy collections (over 800 patients each)
- Approximately 2 TB of image data consisting of nearly 3,000 patients (in publicly accessible Collections) as of July 2011
- NIAMS
- https://niams-imaging.nci.nih.gov/
- Contains approximately 7.5TB of image data on nearly 5,000 osteoarthritis patients as of July 2011
- Modalities include MRI and CR
- The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA)
LONI
LONI homepage: http://www.loni.ucla.edu/
Image Data Archive - http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Databases/
- Uses LONI Image Data Archive, not sure if this can be deployed and hosted elsewhere for other archives if desired. Did not immediately notice any place to download the code.
- Requires secure login, has role based access to various Projects in their archive.
- Allows search based on project (prior to the simple query page) via Simple or Advanced query. Simple query contains subject ID, modality, research group, series description, weighting, sex, age, slice thickness, and acquisition plane. Advanced query offers a wide variety of 27 different search criteria pertaining to the patient, project, clinical info, study info, and image attributes. (Note: advanced query only seems to be an option with ADNI data set)
- Viewing images in the web site launches "LONI Image Viewer", a java based viewer which lets you scan through image slices in axial/sagittal/coronal orientations as well as zoom, pan, flip (horizontal/vertical) and adjust brightness and contrast.
- Can add specific series/studies to custom collections, collections can then be downloaded or shared. Download can be in native DICOM format or in NiFTI/ANALYZE/MINC formats? I've heard of NiFTI, not sure what the other options are. Download is managed through a java applet, came with images and a couple XML files containing some patient and equipment metadata.
- Data collections include:
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) - Consists of both image data (MRI and PET), image meta-data, and additional clinical/genetic/numeric summary data for 895 patients
- BRIN - Logged in with my "ADNI (GUEST)" access this Project only appeared to have one 3 year old patient, no description of this data set is on the "Available Data" page
- Cryosection Imaging (CRYO) - 3 patients, histology modality
- Public Anonymized Dataset (PAD) - 3 "normal control" patients, MRI modality
- International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) - 851 "normal control" patients, modalities including MRI, fMRI, MRA, DTI, and PET. I do not have access to this data set currently so did not review its contents.
- Australian Imaging Biomarkers & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) - 285 patients including controls, MCI, and AD subject groups. Modalities include MRI and PET. I do not have access to this data set currently so did not review its contents.
BIRN
BIRN data portal: http://www.birncommunity.org/resources/data/
BIRN is connected with multiple institutions which host multiple archives using different software and containing different data sets.
- Function BIRN Data Repository - http://fbirnbdr.nbirn.net:8080/BDR/
- Contains 5 data sets according to the BIRN data page (but it's actually 4).
- On the home page it displays a description of each data set and then presents pre-packaged data files in a drill down tree style menu which lists what appears to be individual patients in some cases, individual image studies in others.
- Querying across the data is possible using meta data. It does not appear query against DICOM tags is possible.
- The site itself seems to be a custom web site, not something that could be easily used for other archives.
- Downloads happen in the browser. You choose what you want to download, it is processed on the server and there is an alert that notifies you when your "job" is ready for download. Testing a 100mb patient download I was notified pretty quickly that my job was done, but getting the job page to load took about a minute before I was presented with a small table of information and buttons to actually download the file. Pressing the download button resulted in saving a .TAR file to my computer. TAR structure contained many subdirectories sorted by study then series and so on. Images contained DCM file extension and there were also a couple XML files included with some meta-data.
- The data sets include the following (but the last one is not yet posted, may never be since this was done in 2007):
- BrainScape Resting State fMRI Dataset 1 - This dataset includes seventeen healthy subjects with four resting state fixation scans plus one T1 scan and one T2 scan.
- BrainScape Resting State fMRI Dataset 2 - This dataset includes ten healthy subjects scanned 3 times with 3 conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, and fixating in addition to two anatomical scans (T1 and T2).
- Neuroimaging Calibration Study (Phase II) - The FBIRN multi-site dataset of subjects with schizophrenia and controls includes functional MRI images, behavioral data, demographic, and clinical assessments on 253 subjects from around the US.
- Traveling subjects study (Phase I) - This dataset includes five healthy subjects imaged twice at each of ten FBIRN MRI scanners on successive days.
- NIRL Imaging Database - http://nirlarc.duhs.duke.edu/nirle/
- Uses XNAT for the archive software (unsure what version or if any major customizations were made)
- Contains both image data and meta-data
- Includes the following data sets:
- Efficient Longitudinal Upload of Depression in the Elderly (ELUDE) - The ELUDE dataset is a longitudinal study of late-life depression at Duke University. There are 281 depressed subjects and 154 controls included (435 total patients). An MR scan of each subject was obtained every 2 years for up to 8 years (total of 1093 scans). Clinical assessments occurred more frequently and consists of a battery of psychiatric tests including several depression-specific tests.
- Multisite Imaging Research In the Analysis of Depression (MIRIAD) - A multiple institution study of structural MRI, including raw PD and T2 MRIs and derived measures of white matter changes, basal ganglia and other regions. Demographic and extensive clinical assessment data is available for each case. (100 patients)
- XNAT Central- http://central.xnat.org/
- As of Aug 10, 2010 the site contains 169 projects, 2567 patients. However the quality and access of these appears to vary greatly, ranging from well curated data sets to pure garbage sets that were made by people testing how Central XNAT works.
- A subset of the collections mentioned on the BIRN data web page (http://www.birncommunity.org/resources/data/) are hosted here including the following:
- mBIRN Calib - http://central.xnat.org/app/template/XDATScreen_report_xnat_projectData.vm/search_element/xnat:projectData/search_field/xnat:projectData.ID/search_value/Calib
- This data set consists of spoiled gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging data from 5 healthy volunteers (four males and one female) scanned twice at four sites having 1.5T systems from different vendors (Siemens, GE, Marconi Medical Systems).
- OASIS - http://central.xnat.org/app/template/XDATScreen_report_xnat_projectData.vm/search_element/xnat:projectData/search_field/xnat:projectData.ID/search_value/CENTRAL_OASIS_CS
- This set consists of a cross-sectional collection of 416 human subjects aged 18 to 96, including individuals with Alzheimer's disease; T1-weighted MRI scans obtained in single scan sessions are included. Additionally, a reliability data set is included containing 20 nondemented subjects imaged on a subsequent visit within 90 days of their initial session.
- mBIRN Calib - http://central.xnat.org/app/template/XDATScreen_report_xnat_projectData.vm/search_element/xnat:projectData/search_field/xnat:projectData.ID/search_value/Calib
Insight Journal
http://www.insight-journal.org/midas/
A MIDAS based image archive which contains a number of data sets contributed from NAMIC, NLM, Kitware, the Insight Software Consortium, and more. "Communities" listed on the site include:
- NLM Imaging Methods Assessment and Reporting (IMAR)- According to the site, "The goal of the NLM's IMAR program is to provide data, methods, and computational resources for the quantitative comparison of image segmentation, registration, and computer-aided diagnosis methods." The main page says it contains 2 private/limited access data sets and 1 public data set.
- Retrospective Image Registration Evaluation (RIRE) - Supposedly limited access (perhaps the full data set is?), but seems to have 18 test cases of rigid multi modality head scans and 1 training case accessible to the public.
- Public Data Standards - Contains 5 cases of "Livers and liver tumors with expert hand segmentations", 4 cases called "Zebrafish time series", and ~110 cases under "Designed Database of MR Brain Images of Healthy Volunteers" which is accompanied by some patient demographics.
- National Alliance for Medical Image Computing (NAMIC)- Provides 10 different Collections/Communities consisting of ~13 GB of data
- Full listing of their data sets can be found in this subsection of the Insight Journal archive - http://www.insight-journal.org/midas/community/view/17
- Kitware- Provides a variety of public medical images
- The site includes 7 items and indicates that "Most items in this collection consist of DICOM scans that have been anonymized and 3D reconstructions of those DICOM data in the MetaImage format."
- Full listing found at http://www.insight-journal.org/midas/collection/view/9
- Insight Software Consortium (ISC)- "Featuring software, data, and articles of the Insight Software Journal and the ISC."
- Consists of 2 Communities, one which has ISC related papers and another which contains actual image and meta data.
- Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK) - Contains two image collections, one of which is "CIRS Multi-modality Phantom - CT Image" and the other being "Ultrasound 3D CIRS 57 phantom data set"
- Common Toolkit (CTK) - 5 items including what appears to be 3 cases from JHU, a "Head Axial DICOM" case, and "MRI Phantom - 6 directional acquisitions".
Lung Cancer Alliance: Give A Scan
From their homepage-
*Give A Scan* is the world's first patient-powered, publicly available archive of images and clinical data on lung cancer patients. All the data has been donated by patients in order to encourage more researchers to focus on lung cancer and to accelerate progress in the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer which is now the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
As of August 2010 the archive contains 9 "communities" which appear to be 9 patients with lung cancer totaling approximately 1GB of data. The site provides some meta data information about the images and clinical info about the subjects. Images are hosted in DICOM format. The archive can be browsed by Community/patient/study/series or searched by modality and other image meta data.
The archive is hosted by the Kitware image archive solution called MIDAS: http://www.kitware.com/products/midas.html
Optical Society of America (OSA)
http://midas.osa.org/midaspub/
This archive is a collection of optical images. Like the Lung Cancer Alliance archive it is also hosted using Kitware's MIDAS archive software. This archive hosts 6 top level "communities" which contain anywhere from 4 to 242 items within them. In this case it seems not all of the data is DICOM but some of it is. Three of the Communities appear to be unrelated demonstration collections not tied to OSA as they contain lesion sizing data sets of lung images.
WebMIRS
http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/webmirs/
WebMIRS is the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) tool used for hosting two related datasets and related spine x-ray images which are part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The site requires registration and login through a java web client to view the data set. Most of the data is text based, but there are spine x-rays for some of the patients. The client allows for searching but not really browsing. The user must enter a boolean search query in order to retrieve any patient results. It does not appear that it is possible to actually download the images, rather that you can only view them in the WebMIRS client.
NA-MIC Image Gallery
National Alliance for Medical Image Computing (NA-MIC) Image Gallery: http://www.na-mic.org/publications/gallery
As of October 2010 this consisted of ~383 images. All images appear to be JPGs or similar compressed file types rather than actual DICOM. The purpose of this gallery seems to be to create a repository for images, charts, and figures referenced in publications submitted to NA-MIC's publication database (http://www.na-mic.org/publications). Images can be browsed by patient/study/series or searched by modality and a number of other image based features.
Pediatric MRI Data Repository
Part of the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) program.
According to http://ndar.nih.gov/ndarpublicweb/aboutNDAR.go#federation-
The Pediatric MRI Data Repository will be the first in this series to be made available to ASD researchers, in the summer of 2010. At that time, investigators will be able to perform a single query in the NDAR portal to view results across multiple datasets.
The original Pediatric MRI Data Repository is located at https://nihpd.crbs.ucsd.edu/nihpd/info/index.html. Access to the data requires filling out multiple forms and faxing them to an office at NIH to receive permission. I have not yet requested access at this time to find out exactly what's in the archive, however some information about their quality control processes reveal a little about the image protocols and can be learned about here: https://nihpd.crbs.ucsd.edu/nihpd/info/quality_control.html
NIH Image Bank
The NIH Image Bank is located at http://media.nih.gov/imagebank/index.aspx
According to http://media.nih.gov/imagebank/about.aspx-
The NIH Image Bank contains images from the collections of the 27 institutes and centers that comprise the National Institutes of Health. Contents include general biomedical and science-related images, clinicians, computers, patient care-related images, microscopy images, and various exterior images.
The point of the image bank appears to be more for promotional and marketing images. I did not notice any high quality medical images of actual patients or DICOM files which might be usable for research purposes.
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
http://www.eortc.be/services/forms/erp/default.aspx
According to their site investigators can make requests for access to data collected as part of EORTC trials after the primary end point has been published on. I did not see any place that outlined what trials are being conducted, what trials have been completed and reached their publication of primary endpoint, or exactly what types of data are collected. However in the PDF on this page which outlines their data sharing policy in more detail it lists in the section "4.3 Data Transfer" that "data will preferentially transferred in the form of an ASCII file (with .dat extension), with associated SAS programs to load the data into SAS." I saw no mention of how they handle images in this section and thus assume they may not collect or distribute any.