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Understanding AIM Terms and Concepts Concepts
AIM uses the following three basic concepts :Imaging Observations,Anatomic Entities, and Inferences.
in the following table.
Concept | Example |
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Imaging Observations | "Mass", "lesion", "focus" |
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Anatomic Entities | "Occipital lobe", "parietal lobe" "Medial segment of middle lobe of right lung" |
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Inferences (INF) | "Speech center involvement", "pleural effusion"," pneumonia" |
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Once we define Observations (OBS) and Anatomic and Anatomic Entities (AE), we can then look at their Characteristicscharacteristics.
- "Speculated", "Rim enhancement", "cystic", are all Imaging Observation Characteristics.
- "Dilated", "Ruptured", etc. are examples of Anatomic Entity Characteristics.
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Once we define Imaging Observation Characteristics and Anatomic Entity Characteristics, we can then talk about Quantification quantification of these characteristics.
- Quantification of a Characteristic can be "present", "absent", "not applicable", a quartile/percentile/n-tile, an arbitrary scale, a Likert scale, or a FLOAT with a UCUM unit.
AIM implementors should strive for using these terms consistently as they make up new PAPER/Web templates for projects in anticipation of their implementation in AIM 3.0 and AIM Template 1.0.
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A component can be one of the following types.
- Anatomic Entity
- Anatomic Entity Characteristic, Imaging Observation, Imaging Observation Characteristic, Inference and Calculation
Anatomic entity may have one or more anatomic entity characteristics. An anatomic entity characteristic contains every attribute that a component has. It has “annotator confidence” that allows a user to enter a level of user’s confidence answering the question in terms of a percentage. A characteristic may have a quantification value.
- Quantile
- Interval
- Scale
- Quantile Non-quantifiable
- Numerical
Imaging observation may have one or more imaging observation characteristics. An imaging observation characteristic contains every attribute that a component has. It has “annotator confidence” that allows a user to enter a level of user’s confidence answering the question in terms of a percentage. A characteristic may have a of the below quantifications and non-quantifiable.
- Quantile
- Interval
- Scale
- Quantile Non-quantifiable
- Numerical
AIM Template Creation Process
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For more information, see the AIM Template Manager User's Guide.
AIM Template in Action
A glioblastoma multiform template was designed to leverage a controlled terminology for describing the 26 subjective MR features of human gliomas that was devised based upon prior work (VASARI project). The features comprehensively describe the morphology of brain tumors visualized on contrast-enhanced MRI. They can be captured as caBIGTM AIM formats, i.e. XML or DICOM SR, on the TCGA Radiology research workstation. MR images of TCGA gliomas are located at the National Biomedical Imaging Archive (NBIA).
Summary
Image annotations and markups are critical to “tagging” content in medical images. AIM annotations will be critical components of future image based research. The AIM project delivers an information model, encoding standards for the structure and content of image annotations, a web application used to create a controlled set of questions and answers that are captured as coded terms for a computer program to process.
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